Magazine fire-arm



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

' J. M. &-M. S. BROWNING.

MAGAZINE FIRE ARM. No. 306,577. Patented Oct. 14,1884.

1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. M. & M. S. BROWNING.

(No Model.)

MAGAZINE FIRE ARM.

N0..306,577. Patented Oct. 14, 1884.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. M. & M. s. BROWNING.

MAGAZINE FIRE ARM. No. 306,577. Patented Oct. 14, 1884.

@Zwwty,

V UNITED STATES;

PATENT] et.

JOHN M. nnowi FNG AND MATTHEW S.-BROWNING, or OGDEN,UTAH TER- nrronv, AssIcNoRs To THE WINCHESTER BEPEATING ARMS coMrANY,

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

MAGAZINE FIR RM.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,577, dated October 1.4, 188%.

Application filed May 26, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom/ it may concern.- Be it known that we, JOHN BRoWNIN and llh'rrrinwv S. BROWNING, of Ogden, in the county of Weber,'Utah Territory, have in: vented a new Improvement in Magazine Fire- Arms; and we do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact descrip 0 tion of the same, and which said drawings conpiece; Fig. 7, a longitudinal section through the 23 breech-piece, showing the lever, its action upon the firing-pin and the ejector; Fig. 8,2. sectional side view of thereceiver, showingthe arrangement of the slide in closing the magazineopening; Fig. 9, a vertical central section on line 3 3 Fig. 10, a vertical central section on line zz, looking toward the barrel and magazine, and alsoshowing, the relation of the spring W to the magazine; Figs. 11, 12, and 13, modifications. p

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of breech-loading fire-arms in which the breech-piece is arranged to be moved back and forthin an axial line with the barrel and operated by a lever in connection therewith,

40 which extcudsbelow the receiver to form the trigger-guard,; adapted specially to magazine fire-arms, but applicable to single breech-loaders, the objectof the invention being principally to make a dead-lock for the breech-piece when in its closed position; and the invention consists in the construction, as hereinafter described, and more particularly recited in the claims. p I

Ais the frame of receiver, of usual construcpiece D, and upon opposite sides, are recesses tion; B, the barrel; C, the magazine in their usual relation to each other and to the receiver; D, the breech-piece, arranged to be moved longitudinally from the rear end of the barrel to open and toward it to close the breech; E, the hammer, hung upon apivot, a, ai the. rear of the brcech-piece, and so as to strike the firing-pin F, which isarranged lon gitudinally through the breech-piece in sub stantially the usual manner; G, the triggerguard lever which forms the trigger-guard, and also serves as a means for operating the mechanism of the arm. It is hung to the breechpiece upon a pivot, 1), near the forward end. 7 From that point the lever extends downward f and rearward through an opening in the bottom 6 5 of the receiver. H H are two bolts arranged in vertical guides in the receiver, near its rear end, and so as 'to be moved up and down in the said guides. Near the rear end of the breech;

o d, which, when the breech-piece is in its closed position, correspond, respectively, to the position of the vertical bolts H H, and as seen in Fig. 1, so that while the bolts are guided in vertical movement by the receiver they interlock' with the breech-piece when in its closed position. These bolts extend downward, and to their lower end the lever G is hung by a pivot, e, as seen in Fig. 3. This pivot extends through a slot, f, in the lever G, the slot, as seen in Fig. 2, extending from the pivot-rearward and downward when the parts are in the closed position. To open the breech-pieceit is therefore necessary to firstwithdraw the bolts H. To do this the le- 8 5 ver G is turned downward, swinging upon its pivot. b in the breech-piece, as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 2. In this movement the bolts H are drawn downward, the slot f in the. lever working over the pivot 0 until the rear end of that slot is reached, as also seen in broken lines, Fig.2. At this time the upper ends of the bolts have been drawn downward from their supporting position in the breech piece, as seen in Fig. 2, but have not as yet passed entirely from or below the breech-piece.

The forward side of the recesses in the breechpiece from the point where the end of the bolt now stands are inclined forward, as seen at To return or close the breech piece, the lever gGis returned, swinging uponthe pivote. The breech piece will move forward without movement of the bolts until it arrives at the posi-. tion seen in Fig. 6, when the rear end of the slot f comes against the pivot e. At this time the breech-piece is near, but has not quite reached, its closed position. From this point the bolts 1n ust begin their ascent, and in such ascent they ride upon the incline g from the position seen in Fig. 6 until the breech-piece is completely closed. Then the slot f acts like a cam upon the pivot e toraise the bolts into their extreme locked position, as seen in Fig. 2, at which time the lever G has arrived at its place of rest. r i To withdraw the firing-pin and hold it so as to prevent possible accident, the upper end of the lever Gin rear of its pivot is constructed with a cam, h, which stands in a recess in the firing-pin and overhangs a corresponding inclined shoulder on the firing-pin, assenxin hammer; butasthe lever G is turned in'its before the breech-piece commences its rear movement, the cam in acts upon the shoulder. i on" thefiring-pin and throws itrearward,

I i "as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 2.,-;Because f co gofa.vthe'lever the'move'ment off-the firing-pin is produced duringthesho'rt portion of the ii oveinentof the lever inwhich the bolts are withdrawn. Therearend of the firing-pin,

" 2' ,ygii f againsti the? hammergai npartstojthe, 5 hammer "a v rear movement (alsoindicated.

' in brokenlines) in advance of the breech-piece, J

andso' that the firing pinbecomes uire'enythe theundr side of .t-li'e breech-piece being re;

v for'thispurpose, and as seen in Figs. 2; .andAI; vThe head of, the lever retains a constant bearing against the firing-pin from the time'it-is thrown rearwarduntil the breech-v piece is returned to its closedjposition, and

Fig.7, but which, when the breech-piece is in its closed and locked position, permits thefiring-pin to be moved into its extreme as ward or firing position under the blow-of the first movement to draw down the bolts H, and:

and rearward end of the 1' does not-permit the'forward movement of the firing-pin until the bolts have been raised into their locked position, as seen'in Fig. 2; hence it is impossible'for the firing-pin to strike the primer under the blow of the hammer or .oth

erwise until the breech-piece iscompletelylocked and all the parts in. proper condition for firing.

and upon the lower side of the firing-pin is the usual, shoulder, 1, upon which the flange 1 of the cartridge will rest, as seen in Fig. 7. m is the ejector,-'which is arranged at the forward end of the firing-pin, and is in the form of a spindle parallel --with the I firing pin. Aroundthe spindle is a" helical or other suitable: spring, Thisspring extends from av a shoulder near the forward end of the ejector rearward toward the head of the lever G, and 1 so that when theparts are intheir closed position the spring is relaxed. The head of the lever ,G forward of the pivot forms a cam, 0,

"which bears against the spring n, and so that ifthe forward movement of the ejector be re.- sisted asthe lever G is turned the spring will be compressed, as seen ,in broken lines, Fig,

7. The ejectorstands flush with the front face of the breech-piece when in its closed position, and against the headofthe cartridge 1, the cartridge beingv held by the spring ex- Now, if in thisfconditionkthebreechpiece be drawn rearward, the shell retains. its position with'its head against- Jthc front face of the breech-piece during "such rear movement by the actionof the hook 11,, and because of the shell. standing within. the Eartfridge chamber -in.the barrel. D'uring therear movement of .the breechr'piece and the cartridge or shell thereto attached the spring-n is compressed under the action of the cam 0 on the lever G, "thereby constantly increasing the bearing of the ej ector" against the head. of the cartridge, until in the rear, 'movementzof the breechpieee-the forwardend of the cartridge escapes fromthe'cartridge-chamber. Then the action of the spring a. forces theejector forward,thr owing the low'e'r'side of the head from ftheslloillde'r Z, the forward end of the shell upward, and so asto eject the'shell or cartridge, as the case may be, from the arm. As

the movement of; the ejector is onlyl 'produced bythe' compression, of the spring, and not a -positive"inove'inentfrom the cam o, the ejector ..N;-.returns:as the-breech-piece is closedagainst :the:head .of' the cartridge, and whether or not s rume y Wh M e i mm is t ow '5 to its, cocked position, and after *-it 6o arrivesfat that cocked position,-ias SQBQ.iII Fl 4,-th1i the breech piece passesfreely over it, 1:

he magazine is charged through aside opentractorhook;L uponthe shoulder 1 below. I

ing,*R,"in the receiver. This opening isprovided with a, cover,"S,-' arranged .to slide longitudinallyin 'grooveszr, (see Figs. 9 and 10,), forward to open li" it. To make the closing bored into the forward automatic, ho

earward and parallel with ecei ver for the insertion.

The breech'piece is-provided with the usual spring extractor-hook, L, above thefiring-pin,

the grooves-r r, .and so that the grooves open into those holes, as seen in Figs. 8, 9,- and 10.

On the upper and lower side of the slide S is an car, it, which extends into the holes or grooves t. These holes form substantially what may be called grooves, but broader than the grooves r-that is to say, the groove in each side of the openinghis contracted from the inside outward, iandinto the. enlarged portion from the forward 'end ahelical spring, 10, is introduced against the ears to, and then at the forward end of the receiver a plug, T, isin- A troduced (may be in the form of a screw, as

shown,) against that end ofthe springs, compressing the springsforcibly against the ears u, and so that as the slide Sis moved forward the springsw will be compressed, and so that or similaropening By this construction the cover-closingsprings, as well as the guide for the cover, are entirely within the receiver, and in rear of the front end of it, and so that thereis no opening from the receiver into the forearm, as must be the case where the spring of the cover is applied upon a spindle or otherwise forward of the frontend of the receiver.

As a latch to hold the cartridges in the magazine,a spring, W, is applied upon the opposite side of the receiver, but above the center of the magazine, as seen in Fig. 10. This spring overhangs the passage from the magazine onto the carrier, and serves also as a continuation of the magazine-tube for the control of the cartridge, and to hold it upon the carrier until it has entirely passed-from the magazine, as seen in brokenlines, Fig. 5. Before the cartridge has passed entirely from the magazine onto the carrier'Y, as seen in broken lines, Fig. 4, the head end has passed beneath lugs Z Z, one

on each side thereceiver above the carrier,

but forward of the front face of the breechpiece in its open position, as seen in Fig. 4, these lugs Z Z indicated in broken lines, Fig. 1. As the carrier ascends, as seen in broken lines, Fig."4,1in the lastpart of the rear movement ofthe breech-piece, it raises the cartridge into a position in front of the breech-piece, the point end of the cartridge freely passing the spring WV, and when raised the breech-piece is moved forward, forcing the cartridge from the carrier into the chamber, the head passing from underthe lugs Z. The spring W and the lugs together serve to prevent the cartridge.

from beingaccidentally thrown or removed from the receiver while the breech-piece is open and before the carrier begins to rise, and from that time the lugs Z Z serve to prevent this accidental removalof the cartridge until it be fairly enteredinto the chamber.

So far as the spring W serves as a latch to retain the cartridge in the magazine, it per forms its office substantially as does a similar spring in previous arms. It is thrown out of its latching position in the movement of the parts of the arm, so as to permit the last car tridge in the magazine to start rearward in time to escape therefrom to pass onto the carrier, substantially as in previous arms, and does not reqnire particular description.

' \Vhile we prefer to make the slot in the lever upon the pivot which connects the bolts to the lever, the slot may be at the pivot in the breech-piece, as seen in Fig. 11. In this case the downward or opening movement of the lever performs it's oifice upon the bolts to give them a downward movement in advance of the breech-piece, the slot at the forward end of the lever riding back upon the pivot b in the breech piece until the forward end of the slot comes in contact with that pivot, which is at the time the bolts have arrived to such aposi tion that the incline on the forward edge of the recess in the breech-piece may pass over their upper ends, and as seen in broken lines, Fig. 11. From that time the breech-piece moves rearward with the lever. In the returning or closing movement the breech-piece point forwardinto its closed position, and until the bolts can rise into the recesses to their extreme locked position, the essential feature of this part of our invention being a direct connection of the bolts to the lever and the lever to the breech-piece, such connections being mane by means of a slot atone pivotor the other, whereby the bolts are thrown into their extremelocked position after the breechpiece is closed.

We have not described the carrier or devices for transferring the. cartridges from the magazine to a position in front of the face of the open breech-piece,so that they may be transferred to the barrel in the forward movement of the breech-piece, as'this mechanism constitutes no part of this present invention. Any of the numerous devices or carriers for this purpose may be employed.

We have illustrated and prefer two bolts, one upon each side of the breech-piece; but it will be readily seen that one bolt will accomplish the object of the invention.

Instead of making the incline g on the invention as applied to magazine fire-arms,we

I as

" -ward,iliung to breech-loaders. y

We do not claim, broadly, a vertically-mow 'ing locking-bolt to engage the breech-piece in its closed position, as such, we are aware is not new; but we are not aware that a vertically ment of said lever and beforethe breeclrpiece H commences its [opening fmovement, andfsaid:

bolts v-.rz 1,i se d, into';the ir locking positionafter .thebreec pieceisclosed; substantially as def i aged-bed Scribed, thje;combination of ,a longitudinally- I rho,v able ree s pie'ce, the trigger-guardlever rd-into theyreceiver andfifoi. piece,a bolt or-bolts arranged-maven cal'; guides'=in the receiver andinfre hof thepoint ofconnection between 4o moving plocking-bolt has been directly and positively hung to the lever and the lever di-' Y rectly hung to the breech-piece, which construction is the essentialfeature of this part of our invention. p

1. In afire-ar n substantially such as described, the combination of the longitudinallymovable breech-piece, the trigger-guard lever extending'up into thereceiver and forward, hung to the breech-piece, a vertically-movable bolt or bolts arranged in guides .in the receiver, the breech-piece constructed with a recess corresponding to said bolt 01' bolts and with which said bolt or bolts will engage, the said bolts hung by a pivotdirectly to saidlever in rear of and below the connectionof the lever with the breech-piece, one of said connections. slotted, whereby the descent of the bolts ismade during the first-part of the move:

breech said levervrand-the breech-piece, the said bolts hungby 'pivot to said'lever, the connection at one of the pivots slotted to permit the movemeutjof the'bolts with the lever before the breech-piece c'ommencesit's opening movement, and toretilrn said bolts in advance of the complete closing of the breech-piece, an

- incline in frontof the nose of the bolts, whereby the last part of the closing movement of the breech-piece is made by the ascent of the bolts,.substantially as described.

3. Ina fire-arm substantially such as described, the combination of a longitudinallyextnding up into the receiver and forward, hinged directly to the breech-piece, the hinged end of the lever constructed with a cam, h,

projecting rearward therefrom, the firing-pin ,F, constructedwith a shonldeiyt, inclining 1' l sta ntiallyps described.

,fif'lna. aga'zine fire-arm,

amass carrier arranged,

'and the cartridge-chamber, the spring W, ar-

downward and forward corresponding to the I cam h on the lever, saidcam-overhanging the said shoulder, substantially as described, h 4.-, In a'fire-arm substantiallyfsuch as de scribed, the combination of the longitudinally: movable bolt 1),,the'trigger-guard-lever G, Iex 5 tending upinto the receiver-and foriward','hung .tothe breech-piece'bya pivot, b, thefvertical bolt or boltsH-,-hung directly to saidleverbe low and in rear of the pivot b, the said lever constructed-with-a cam, h, and-the firing-pinconstructed with a shoulder, 0', corresponding to said cam h,substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

5; In a fire-arm substantially such as described, the combination of the longitudinallymovable breech-bolt D, the trigger-guard le- 7 5 ver G, extending up into the receiver,-hung to the breech-piece, and constructed with a cam, 0, .forward of and below the pivot by which it is hung to the breech-piece, an ejector, m, arranged below the firing-pin and paralleltherewith, and a spring, n, one end resting against said'cam 0,. the other 'end against the ejector, and whereby the movement'ol' said ejector is produced through said spring, subthe receiver, conlgsti'uctedffw bh-the opening It" to the magazine,

-. sj,'j;ar :anged to move longitudinally 1n eachjedge ofthe openlieis'gid-grooves"opening a, nlarg2d parts"; Of-I then endi p jt e ouy r eiver'a'sj esi stancgtheother end I ntia y describe 7. vIn amagaainefire rpm, the combination of the longitudinall ble breech piece, .a receives cartridge from the magazine and aisje-it-to a position between the front face" of the open breech-piece ranged longitudinally in the receiver to overhang the cartridge at'the mouth of the magazine, and lugs ZZ on the sides of the receiver, 1 projecting inwardabo'v'e the carrier and forward of the front face of the breech piece in fi'JoH'N M., Bnowninc.-

witnessesz" Y o dcthe cover conitheisaifdge'ars onthe its open position, substantially as described. I I movable brcech-piece, the triggerguard lever a. MATTHEWB. B Q 

